The Camera

1. SLR: Single Lens Reflex- A camera that utilizes a prism and mirror system to project the image seen by the lens onto a focusing screen located below the prism housing. The image the user sees I the viewfinder is identical to the image being recorded. The advantage of SLRs is that you get to view the exact scene the camera will be recording. 

2. TLR : Twin-Lens-Reflex - It is a medium-sized film camera that shoots using two lenses with a twin-lens reflex camera. One lens focusses and the other a ray directly to the film. The mirrors are fixed, simple and sturdy, and the focus plate is relatively large, making it easy to focus. The image in the viewfinder is reversed to the left and right, and composition adjustment is difficult

3. Lens : the optical device which collects and focuses light to record an image on film

4. Shutter : A mechanism in the camera that controls the duration of light transmitted to the film or sensor. Leaf-shutter lenses, which  include most view camera lenses and many medium-format lenses, contain their own proprietary shutters.

5. Shutter Speed Control :it is the unit of measurement which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken. The slower the shutter speed, the longer the exposure time. The shutter speed and aperture together control the total amount of light reaching the sensor.

6. Aperture : aperture is the size of the opening in the lens. Think of the lens as a window—large windows or wide angles let in more light, while small windows let in less light. A wide open aperture will let more light into the image for a brighter photo, while a smaller aperture lets in less light. Aperture is measured in f-stops; a small f-stop like f/1.8 is a wide opening, a large f-stop like f/22 is a very narrow one. Aperture is one of three camera settings that determine an image’s exposure, or how light or dark it is. Aperture also affects how much of the image is in focus—wide apertures result in that creamy, unfocused background while narrow apertures keep more of the image sharp. The adjustable opening of a lens that determines how much light may pass through the lens. "Faster" lenses have wider apertures and allow for faster shutter speeds that stop motion. The wider the aperture is set, the shallower the depth of field of the image.

7. ASA/ISO Film Speed: Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitivity and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system. ISO system is used to describe the relationship between exposure and output image lightness in digital cameras. 

8. ASA/ISO Dial: the dial that controls and chooses the ISO

9. Shutter release button :That’s the button (or shutter button) you press to take the picture. It allows you to point-and-shoot. 

10. Rewind Knob:

There are two purposes for this feature. First, once a roll of film is complete, these allows a photographer to rewind the film back into the film cassette. Then the film can be safely removed and delivered for processing. To do this, a lever is flipped out of the knob. Using the lever, the knob is spun, usually clockwise, and the film is rewound. It is often necessary to press a film rewind release button to unlock the winding sprockets and allow rewinding.

The second purpose of a film rewind knob is to ensure proper loading. As the winding sprockets pull film onto the take-up spool, the film rewind knob will spin, indicating that film is being pulled. If it does not spin, then film is not being advanced. This indicated a problems with the take-up spool, the sprockets, or the gearing attached to the film advance lever. If film is not being advanced, the camera will not take pictures properly.